Médenine and Tataouine governorates in southeastern Tunisia are populated with over 100 ksour (singular: ksar; alternately: qasr, gasr; Arabic: “castle” or “palace”), centuries-old Amazigh (Berber) fortified granaries consisting of a series of ghorfas (elongated, vaulted storage chambers made of stone, soil-based mortar, and a protective plaster coating) stacked multiple stories high surrounding a central courtyard of various shapes and sizes. Although typically associated with ksour, ghorfas are present elsewhere, particularly on Djerba island, functioning as standalone agricultural storage chambers. The vast majority of ksour in Tunisia are no longer used for storage. Many are in ruins. A few have been repurposed as hotels or tourist attractions. 

(1) Lucas, George & Hales, Jonathan. Star Wars Episode Two “Jar Jar’s Great Adventure”.

(2) Duncan, Jody. Star Wars Mythmaking: Behind the Scenes of Attack of the Clones. (Del Rey, 2002).

(3) Hearn, Marcus. The Cinema of George Lucas. (Abrams Books, 2005).

Note: Galaxy Tours invites collaboration with individuals with access to Episode II primary source location shoot documentation (call sheets, progress reports, etc.) in order to solidify the accuracy of scene titles, scene numbers, and filming dates. Some of the specific details outlined in this section represent precise estimates that require verification.

(1) Lucas, George. Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace, Illustrated Screenplay. (Del Rey, 1999). 

(2) Bouzereau, Laurent & Duncan, Jody. Star Wars: The Making of Episode I, The Phantom Menace. (Del Rey, 1999).

(3) Hearn, Marcus. The Cinema of George Lucas. (Abrams Books, 2005).

Note: Galaxy Tours invites collaboration with individuals with access to Episode I primary source location shoot documentation (call sheets, progress reports, etc.) in order to solidify the accuracy of scene titles, scene numbers, and filming dates. Some of the specific details outlined in this section represent precise estimates that require verification.

The menzel (parcel of land), a key component of traditional Djerban society, functions as a familial heritage plot with a houch (main residence) augmented by a central courtyard, small guest house, farmhouse, well, irrigation system, threshing floor, date palms, and olive tree groves in various combinations. The houch, typically resembling a single-story whitewashed square fortress with a domed kouchk (tower) at each corner, is divided into large sections, each occupied by separate units of an extended family. The parents of each section sleep in their respective tower, the only part of the houch with external windows facing the courtyard. The traditional well is flanked by two upright supports for a system of pulleys operated by camel or mule. Menzel complexes were purposely spread out rather than grouped together in compact villages to add a layer of protection against marauding tribes and invaders in ancient times.

(1) Lucas, George. Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith.

(2) Lucas, George. Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith, Illustrated Screenplay. (Del Rey, 2005). 

(3) Rinzler, J.W. The Making of Star Wars: Revenge of the Sith. (Del Rey, 2005).

(1) Original location shoot call sheets and daily production progress reports.

(2) Lucas, George. The Adventures of Luke Starkiller as taken from the “Journal of the Whills” (Saga I) Star Wars.

(3) Rinzler, J. W. The Making of Star Wars: The Definitive Story Behind the Original Film. (Del Rey, 2007). 

(4) Hearn, Marcus. The Cinema of George Lucas. (Abrams Books, 2005).

Djerba (alternately: Jerba, Jarbah, Gerba, Girba), surrounded by the Gulf of Gabès to the west and the open Mediterranean Sea to the east, has an incredibly rich multicultural, religiously diverse history stemming from ancient times. Greek sources (Polybius and Strabo) identified Djerba (ancient Meninx) as the mysterious “land of the lotus-eaters” associated with the sleep-inducing lotus fruit narcotic from Homer’s epic poem Odyssey (8th century BCE). Greek, Israelite, Punic, Roman, Amazigh (Berber), Arab (Ibadi Muslim), Spanish, Ottoman, and French historical influences have interchangeably shaped the uniqueness of Djerba, the largest island in North Africa (ca. 27 km long by 26 km wide).